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Raman Spectroscopy Applied to the Lithium-ion Battery AnalysisDuring the charging and discharging process, lithium ions travel from one electrode to another. This application note explains how Raman Spectroscopy can be helpful in the analysis of cathodes and anodes for R&D and QC.
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Correlative Raman Imaging of Compound SemiconductorsThis study provides an overview of correlative Raman imaging, PL and topographic analyses of compound semiconductors used to characterize composition and defects.
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Polarizing Beamsplitter ApplicationsMoxtek’s PBS products enable engineers the flexibility to design optical systems optimized for performance, size, and weight for use in projection display, virtual and augmented reality HMD, and HUD systems.
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Polarizing Beamsplitter ApplicationsMoxtek’s PBS products enable engineers the flexibility to design optical systems optimized for performance, size, and weight for use in projection display, virtual and augmented reality HMD, and HUD systems.
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Micronutrient Analysis from Soil to Food: Determination by ICP-OESThe nutritional value of food depends on many components, including vitamins and minerals. While both of these occur naturally, they are also commonly added during processing to increase the nutritional content. Naturally occurring nutrients enter plants (and ultimately animals who consume plants) from the soils in which they grow, so it is equally important to monitor the nutrient content of both soil and final food products. Since the number of elemental nutrients is limited and they are present at relatively high concentrations, ICP-OES is an ideal technique for their measurement in soil and food. This work will focus on the elemental nutrient analysis of soils and two categories of food products: milk and fruit juice, whose nutritional content is particularly important as they are commonly consumed by young children.
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Avoiding Costly Errors in Low Volume Nucleic Acid or Protein MeasurementsThe cost of poor quality data in nucleic acid or protein work cannot be underestimated yet for some reason is overlooked. This note investigates a simple solution to the problem.
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Ancient and Modern Artwork Pigments Revealed by Fluorescence SpectroscopyFluorescence spectroscopy is used to investigate museum specimen as a flexible and minimally invasive technique. The photo-physical properties of Egyptian and modern artwork pigments are presented in this application note.
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Ancient and Modern Artwork Pigments Revealed by Fluorescence SpectroscopyFluorescence spectroscopy is used to investigate museum specimen as a flexible and minimally invasive technique. The photo-physical properties of Egyptian and modern artwork pigments are presented in this application note.
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Simplifying Mass Spectrometry Through New Ionization Technology: Application to Drugs and Clinical AnalysesA newly discovered method is described for generating gas-phase ions from volatile and nonvolatile compounds. The method, matrix-assisted ionization (MAI), is both simple and sensitive, requiring only the vacuum inherent with all mass spectrometers and a suitable matrix, eliminating the need for lasers, electric fields, nebulizing gas, and even heaters to generate gas-phase ions. MAI is applicable for the direct analysis of drugs from biological fluids and tissue without prior purification. By placing matrix only on a specific surface area of interest and exposure to the vacuum of the mass spectrometer, ions are observed from compounds within the targeted surface area of tissue exposed to the matrix solution, thus allowing rapid and simple interrogation of “features of interest.” The limit of detection for drug standards is low attomoles and clean full mass range mass spectra are obtained from low femtomoles of the drug.
Latest:
Simplifying Mass Spectrometry Through New Ionization Technology: Application to Drugs and Clinical AnalysesA newly discovered method is described for generating gas-phase ions from volatile and nonvolatile compounds. The method, matrix-assisted ionization (MAI), is both simple and sensitive, requiring only the vacuum inherent with all mass spectrometers and a suitable matrix, eliminating the need for lasers, electric fields, nebulizing gas, and even heaters to generate gas-phase ions. MAI is applicable for the direct analysis of drugs from biological fluids and tissue without prior purification. By placing matrix only on a specific surface area of interest and exposure to the vacuum of the mass spectrometer, ions are observed from compounds within the targeted surface area of tissue exposed to the matrix solution, thus allowing rapid and simple interrogation of “features of interest.” The limit of detection for drug standards is low attomoles and clean full mass range mass spectra are obtained from low femtomoles of the drug.
Latest:
Simplifying Mass Spectrometry Through New Ionization Technology: Application to Drugs and Clinical AnalysesA newly discovered method is described for generating gas-phase ions from volatile and nonvolatile compounds. The method, matrix-assisted ionization (MAI), is both simple and sensitive, requiring only the vacuum inherent with all mass spectrometers and a suitable matrix, eliminating the need for lasers, electric fields, nebulizing gas, and even heaters to generate gas-phase ions. MAI is applicable for the direct analysis of drugs from biological fluids and tissue without prior purification. By placing matrix only on a specific surface area of interest and exposure to the vacuum of the mass spectrometer, ions are observed from compounds within the targeted surface area of tissue exposed to the matrix solution, thus allowing rapid and simple interrogation of “features of interest.” The limit of detection for drug standards is low attomoles and clean full mass range mass spectra are obtained from low femtomoles of the drug.
Latest:
Simplifying Mass Spectrometry Through New Ionization Technology: Application to Drugs and Clinical AnalysesA newly discovered method is described for generating gas-phase ions from volatile and nonvolatile compounds. The method, matrix-assisted ionization (MAI), is both simple and sensitive, requiring only the vacuum inherent with all mass spectrometers and a suitable matrix, eliminating the need for lasers, electric fields, nebulizing gas, and even heaters to generate gas-phase ions. MAI is applicable for the direct analysis of drugs from biological fluids and tissue without prior purification. By placing matrix only on a specific surface area of interest and exposure to the vacuum of the mass spectrometer, ions are observed from compounds within the targeted surface area of tissue exposed to the matrix solution, thus allowing rapid and simple interrogation of “features of interest.” The limit of detection for drug standards is low attomoles and clean full mass range mass spectra are obtained from low femtomoles of the drug.
Latest:
Simplifying Mass Spectrometry Through New Ionization Technology: Application to Drugs and Clinical AnalysesA newly discovered method is described for generating gas-phase ions from volatile and nonvolatile compounds. The method, matrix-assisted ionization (MAI), is both simple and sensitive, requiring only the vacuum inherent with all mass spectrometers and a suitable matrix, eliminating the need for lasers, electric fields, nebulizing gas, and even heaters to generate gas-phase ions. MAI is applicable for the direct analysis of drugs from biological fluids and tissue without prior purification. By placing matrix only on a specific surface area of interest and exposure to the vacuum of the mass spectrometer, ions are observed from compounds within the targeted surface area of tissue exposed to the matrix solution, thus allowing rapid and simple interrogation of “features of interest.” The limit of detection for drug standards is low attomoles and clean full mass range mass spectra are obtained from low femtomoles of the drug.
Latest:
Simplifying Mass Spectrometry Through New Ionization Technology: Application to Drugs and Clinical AnalysesA newly discovered method is described for generating gas-phase ions from volatile and nonvolatile compounds. The method, matrix-assisted ionization (MAI), is both simple and sensitive, requiring only the vacuum inherent with all mass spectrometers and a suitable matrix, eliminating the need for lasers, electric fields, nebulizing gas, and even heaters to generate gas-phase ions. MAI is applicable for the direct analysis of drugs from biological fluids and tissue without prior purification. By placing matrix only on a specific surface area of interest and exposure to the vacuum of the mass spectrometer, ions are observed from compounds within the targeted surface area of tissue exposed to the matrix solution, thus allowing rapid and simple interrogation of “features of interest.” The limit of detection for drug standards is low attomoles and clean full mass range mass spectra are obtained from low femtomoles of the drug.
Latest:
Simplifying Mass Spectrometry Through New Ionization Technology: Application to Drugs and Clinical AnalysesA newly discovered method is described for generating gas-phase ions from volatile and nonvolatile compounds. The method, matrix-assisted ionization (MAI), is both simple and sensitive, requiring only the vacuum inherent with all mass spectrometers and a suitable matrix, eliminating the need for lasers, electric fields, nebulizing gas, and even heaters to generate gas-phase ions. MAI is applicable for the direct analysis of drugs from biological fluids and tissue without prior purification. By placing matrix only on a specific surface area of interest and exposure to the vacuum of the mass spectrometer, ions are observed from compounds within the targeted surface area of tissue exposed to the matrix solution, thus allowing rapid and simple interrogation of “features of interest.” The limit of detection for drug standards is low attomoles and clean full mass range mass spectra are obtained from low femtomoles of the drug.
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Analysis of Nicotine Alkaloids and Impurities in Liquids for e-Cigarettes by LC–MS, GC–MS, and ICP-MSThe purpose of this study was the development of various analytical MS methods to investigate the chemical composition of e-liquids used in electronic cigarettes and characterize their quality. Low-quality nicotine (the main active compound), glycerol, propylene glycol (solvents), or flavors could greatly increase the toxicity. The search of alkaloid contaminants of nicotine was performed by LC–MS-MS after a deep study of fragmentation pathways by high resolution ESI-MS. A fully validated method for quantitation of organic polar impurities such as cotinine, anabasine, myosmine, nornicotine, and N-nitroso-nornicotine and nicotine itself was developed using MS coupled to UHPLC. To evaluate organic volatile toxicants, headspace from e-cigarette refill liquids was sampled by SPME to perform GC–MS analysis. Finally, heavy metal residues as inorganic toxicants were determined by ICP-MS after simple dilution. A number of cases of contamination by metals (mainly arsenic) was detected.
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Analysis of Nicotine Alkaloids and Impurities in Liquids for e-Cigarettes by LC–MS, GC–MS, and ICP-MSThe purpose of this study was the development of various analytical MS methods to investigate the chemical composition of e-liquids used in electronic cigarettes and characterize their quality. Low-quality nicotine (the main active compound), glycerol, propylene glycol (solvents), or flavors could greatly increase the toxicity. The search of alkaloid contaminants of nicotine was performed by LC–MS-MS after a deep study of fragmentation pathways by high resolution ESI-MS. A fully validated method for quantitation of organic polar impurities such as cotinine, anabasine, myosmine, nornicotine, and N-nitroso-nornicotine and nicotine itself was developed using MS coupled to UHPLC. To evaluate organic volatile toxicants, headspace from e-cigarette refill liquids was sampled by SPME to perform GC–MS analysis. Finally, heavy metal residues as inorganic toxicants were determined by ICP-MS after simple dilution. A number of cases of contamination by metals (mainly arsenic) was detected.
Latest:
Analysis of Nicotine Alkaloids and Impurities in Liquids for e-Cigarettes by LC–MS, GC–MS, and ICP-MSThe purpose of this study was the development of various analytical MS methods to investigate the chemical composition of e-liquids used in electronic cigarettes and characterize their quality. Low-quality nicotine (the main active compound), glycerol, propylene glycol (solvents), or flavors could greatly increase the toxicity. The search of alkaloid contaminants of nicotine was performed by LC–MS-MS after a deep study of fragmentation pathways by high resolution ESI-MS. A fully validated method for quantitation of organic polar impurities such as cotinine, anabasine, myosmine, nornicotine, and N-nitroso-nornicotine and nicotine itself was developed using MS coupled to UHPLC. To evaluate organic volatile toxicants, headspace from e-cigarette refill liquids was sampled by SPME to perform GC–MS analysis. Finally, heavy metal residues as inorganic toxicants were determined by ICP-MS after simple dilution. A number of cases of contamination by metals (mainly arsenic) was detected.
Latest:
Analysis of Nicotine Alkaloids and Impurities in Liquids for e-Cigarettes by LC–MS, GC–MS, and ICP-MSThe purpose of this study was the development of various analytical MS methods to investigate the chemical composition of e-liquids used in electronic cigarettes and characterize their quality. Low-quality nicotine (the main active compound), glycerol, propylene glycol (solvents), or flavors could greatly increase the toxicity. The search of alkaloid contaminants of nicotine was performed by LC–MS-MS after a deep study of fragmentation pathways by high resolution ESI-MS. A fully validated method for quantitation of organic polar impurities such as cotinine, anabasine, myosmine, nornicotine, and N-nitroso-nornicotine and nicotine itself was developed using MS coupled to UHPLC. To evaluate organic volatile toxicants, headspace from e-cigarette refill liquids was sampled by SPME to perform GC–MS analysis. Finally, heavy metal residues as inorganic toxicants were determined by ICP-MS after simple dilution. A number of cases of contamination by metals (mainly arsenic) was detected.
Latest:
2D-LC–MS for the Analysis of Monoclonal Antibodies and Antibody–Drug Conjugates in a Regulated EnvironmentWe have developed a range of analytical workflows using mass spectrometry, in a regulated environment, to support pharmaceutical companies in the development and control of their monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). High-resolution mass spectrometry is a powerful tool for the analysis of antibodies, but is not readily compatible with a number of chromatographic techniques using high-salt mobile phases. Herein, we present the development and use for marketed mAbs and ADCs of 2D LC–MS via an online desalting step. We demonstrate the importance of such a setup for the determination of drug:antibody ratio (DAR), and the analysis of molecularity, fragmentation, and charge variants (deamidation, oxidation), notably under stress conditions. We discuss the advantages of 2D LC–MS in a regulated environment.
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Rapid Quantification of Trypsin Inhibitors in Food and Feed Formulations with Electrospray Ionization Mass SpectrometryA rapid, accurate, and precise method for the quantification of trypsin inhibitor activity was evaluated. The method utilizes alpha hydroxyl acid capped oligo-lysines [hydroxy acid (Lys)n] or alpha hydroxyl acid capped oligo-lysines-methionine [hydroxy acid (Lys-Met)] as substrates. Hydrolysis of the oligopeptides yields unique chemical residues that were readily quantified with electrospray–mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Accuracy and precision of the approach compared favorably with that of the standard test method.
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PeakFinderTM Fiber Optic Raman Video ProbeBaySpec’s PeakFinderTM Raman video probe combines a flexible fiber optic probe with microscope objectives allowing sampling down to several microns. Combined with various benchtop Raman spectrometers, the Raman video probe is a unique micro-Raman system available in 532, 785 or 1064nm excitation and various microscope objectives offering unprecedented flexibility and versatility.
Latest:
PeakFinderTM Fiber Optic Raman Video ProbeBaySpec’s PeakFinderTM Raman video probe combines a flexible fiber optic probe with microscope objectives allowing sampling down to several microns. Combined with various benchtop Raman spectrometers, the Raman video probe is a unique micro-Raman system available in 532, 785 or 1064nm excitation and various microscope objectives offering unprecedented flexibility and versatility.
Latest:
PeakFinderTM Fiber Optic Raman Video ProbeBaySpec’s PeakFinderTM Raman video probe combines a flexible fiber optic probe with microscope objectives allowing sampling down to several microns. Combined with various benchtop Raman spectrometers, the Raman video probe is a unique micro-Raman system available in 532, 785 or 1064nm excitation and various microscope objectives offering unprecedented flexibility and versatility.
Latest:
Absolute Quantification of Proteins and Peptides by ICP-MSDespite all of the recent advances in analytical technologies dedicated to biotherapeutics, accurate protein quantification remains a challenge for the biopharmaceutical industry. UV spectrophotometry is commonly used for batch testing, but it requires the knowledge of the extinction coefficient of the protein, whose experimental determination requires the accurate concentration of a reference standard obtained by an absolute quantification method. To address the need for a fast analytical method capable of accurately quantifying a protein without any specific reference substance, an isotope dilution ICP-MS method was developed and validated, based on sulfur determination, allowing very accurate determination of a single protein in solution after microwave digestion.
Latest:
2D-LC–MS for the Analysis of Monoclonal Antibodies and Antibody–Drug Conjugates in a Regulated EnvironmentWe have developed a range of analytical workflows using mass spectrometry, in a regulated environment, to support pharmaceutical companies in the development and control of their monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). High-resolution mass spectrometry is a powerful tool for the analysis of antibodies, but is not readily compatible with a number of chromatographic techniques using high-salt mobile phases. Herein, we present the development and use for marketed mAbs and ADCs of 2D LC–MS via an online desalting step. We demonstrate the importance of such a setup for the determination of drug:antibody ratio (DAR), and the analysis of molecularity, fragmentation, and charge variants (deamidation, oxidation), notably under stress conditions. We discuss the advantages of 2D LC–MS in a regulated environment.
Latest:
Rapid Quantification of Trypsin Inhibitors in Food and Feed Formulations with Electrospray Ionization Mass SpectrometryA rapid, accurate, and precise method for the quantification of trypsin inhibitor activity was evaluated. The method utilizes alpha hydroxyl acid capped oligo-lysines [hydroxy acid (Lys)n] or alpha hydroxyl acid capped oligo-lysines-methionine [hydroxy acid (Lys-Met)] as substrates. Hydrolysis of the oligopeptides yields unique chemical residues that were readily quantified with electrospray–mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Accuracy and precision of the approach compared favorably with that of the standard test method.
Latest:
Absolute Quantification of Proteins and Peptides by ICP-MSDespite all of the recent advances in analytical technologies dedicated to biotherapeutics, accurate protein quantification remains a challenge for the biopharmaceutical industry. UV spectrophotometry is commonly used for batch testing, but it requires the knowledge of the extinction coefficient of the protein, whose experimental determination requires the accurate concentration of a reference standard obtained by an absolute quantification method. To address the need for a fast analytical method capable of accurately quantifying a protein without any specific reference substance, an isotope dilution ICP-MS method was developed and validated, based on sulfur determination, allowing very accurate determination of a single protein in solution after microwave digestion.
Latest:
Application of Miniature X-ray Sources to Residual Stress MeasurementsMiniature X-ray sources reached the development level that is appropriate for their use in the handheld and portable X-Ray diffraction (XRD) instruments. This note describes the application of X-ray sources for the residual stress measurements using XRD.
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Analyzing Cement-Pressed Pellets Via XRFXRF is a key quality control technique for cement production. We look at results from two types of portland cement prepared as pressed pellets.
