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This application note describes the measurement of food macronutrients by diamond attenuated total reflectance (ATR) mid infrared spectroscopy. Specific examples include the measurement of sugar content of grapes (grape juice) and the measurement of fats in cheese, chocolate and milk.

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This application note describes the measurement of food macronutrients by diamond attenuated total reflectance (ATR) mid infrared spectroscopy. Specific examples include the measurement of sugar content of grapes (grape juice) and the measurement of fats in cheese, chocolate and milk.

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Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been increasingly used as biotherapeutic agents and a number of new mAbs are currently in the drug pipeline. Over the next five years the patent on at least nine major biotherapeutic monoclonal antibodies will expire, opening the door for development and marketing of generic forms known as Biosimilars. In this paper a review of the central role mass spectrometry coupled to liquid chromatography plays in characterizing these antibodies is presented. Contemporary top down and middle-up approaches using mass spectrometry and various novel separation techniques to measure the intact masses of mAbs and their subunits or domains are highlighted. Example data of an innovator mAb, Humira (adalimumab) are presented showing the identities and relative abundances of the isoforms associated with this mAb. Similarly the current state of classical peptide mapping using reversed-phase chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry with scan- dependent acquisition is briefly reviewed. Novel approaches that speed analysis and provide information on post translational modifications, glycosylation, and disulfide mapping are discussed. Example data of stressed and unstressed samples of adalimumab are also presented to demonstrate peptide mapping data and modifications to the antibody. Lastly, the current use of mass spectrometry in glycoprofiling of mAbs is reviewed. Example glycan data for adalimumab generated by a novel labeling scheme and sensitive to detection by both fluorescence and mass spectrometry will be presented.

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Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been increasingly used as biotherapeutic agents and a number of new mAbs are currently in the drug pipeline. Over the next five years the patent on at least nine major biotherapeutic monoclonal antibodies will expire, opening the door for development and marketing of generic forms known as Biosimilars. In this paper a review of the central role mass spectrometry coupled to liquid chromatography plays in characterizing these antibodies is presented. Contemporary top down and middle-up approaches using mass spectrometry and various novel separation techniques to measure the intact masses of mAbs and their subunits or domains are highlighted. Example data of an innovator mAb, Humira (adalimumab) are presented showing the identities and relative abundances of the isoforms associated with this mAb. Similarly the current state of classical peptide mapping using reversed-phase chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry with scan- dependent acquisition is briefly reviewed. Novel approaches that speed analysis and provide information on post translational modifications, glycosylation, and disulfide mapping are discussed. Example data of stressed and unstressed samples of adalimumab are also presented to demonstrate peptide mapping data and modifications to the antibody. Lastly, the current use of mass spectrometry in glycoprofiling of mAbs is reviewed. Example glycan data for adalimumab generated by a novel labeling scheme and sensitive to detection by both fluorescence and mass spectrometry will be presented.

Latest:

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been increasingly used as biotherapeutic agents and a number of new mAbs are currently in the drug pipeline. Over the next five years the patent on at least nine major biotherapeutic monoclonal antibodies will expire, opening the door for development and marketing of generic forms known as Biosimilars. In this paper a review of the central role mass spectrometry coupled to liquid chromatography plays in characterizing these antibodies is presented. Contemporary top down and middle-up approaches using mass spectrometry and various novel separation techniques to measure the intact masses of mAbs and their subunits or domains are highlighted. Example data of an innovator mAb, Humira (adalimumab) are presented showing the identities and relative abundances of the isoforms associated with this mAb. Similarly the current state of classical peptide mapping using reversed-phase chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry with scan- dependent acquisition is briefly reviewed. Novel approaches that speed analysis and provide information on post translational modifications, glycosylation, and disulfide mapping are discussed. Example data of stressed and unstressed samples of adalimumab are also presented to demonstrate peptide mapping data and modifications to the antibody. Lastly, the current use of mass spectrometry in glycoprofiling of mAbs is reviewed. Example glycan data for adalimumab generated by a novel labeling scheme and sensitive to detection by both fluorescence and mass spectrometry will be presented.

Latest:

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been increasingly used as biotherapeutic agents and a number of new mAbs are currently in the drug pipeline. Over the next five years the patent on at least nine major biotherapeutic monoclonal antibodies will expire, opening the door for development and marketing of generic forms known as Biosimilars. In this paper a review of the central role mass spectrometry coupled to liquid chromatography plays in characterizing these antibodies is presented. Contemporary top down and middle-up approaches using mass spectrometry and various novel separation techniques to measure the intact masses of mAbs and their subunits or domains are highlighted. Example data of an innovator mAb, Humira (adalimumab) are presented showing the identities and relative abundances of the isoforms associated with this mAb. Similarly the current state of classical peptide mapping using reversed-phase chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry with scan- dependent acquisition is briefly reviewed. Novel approaches that speed analysis and provide information on post translational modifications, glycosylation, and disulfide mapping are discussed. Example data of stressed and unstressed samples of adalimumab are also presented to demonstrate peptide mapping data and modifications to the antibody. Lastly, the current use of mass spectrometry in glycoprofiling of mAbs is reviewed. Example glycan data for adalimumab generated by a novel labeling scheme and sensitive to detection by both fluorescence and mass spectrometry will be presented.

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Latest:

This application note describes the measurement of food macronutrients by diamond attenuated total reflectance (ATR) mid infrared spectroscopy. Specific examples include the measurement of sugar content of grapes (grape juice) and the measurement of fats in cheese, chocolate and milk.

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Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) microscopy is a well-established method for the analysis of samples that are too small or complex to be measured in a standard infrared spectrometer. The new LUMOS Stand-alone FTIR microscope offers a fully automated solution that is very easy-to-use and requires little space.

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In this study, a glycerol-fed, lab-scale E. coli bioprocess producing representative pharmaceutical compounds was monitored offline with a portable, high-sensitivity Raman spectrometer.

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Raman spectroscopy is particularly useful for identification of contaminant materials in pharmaceuticals because it can very clearly and nondestructively identify materials. Raman spectroscopy can be used to identify foreign matter on tablets as well as the individual tablet materials to confirm the material’s legitimacy. For injectable drug vials, Raman spectroscopy can be used with microscopy to count, size, and identify particulate contamination found in such vials. Spectral interpretation is key to the value of Raman spectroscopy, and it is important for accuracy of identification not to simply rely on library match values.

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The December meeting of the New York–New Jersey chapter of the Society for Applied Spectroscopy (NYSAS), held at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York (“The Met”), drew an audience of students and professionals to hear talks on material testing by Eric Breitung, PhD, a senior research scientist, and Catherine Stephens, PhD, an associate research scientist, both from The Met.

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Raman spectroscopy is particularly useful for identification of contaminant materials in pharmaceuticals because it can very clearly and nondestructively identify materials. Raman spectroscopy can be used to identify foreign matter on tablets as well as the individual tablet materials to confirm the material’s legitimacy. For injectable drug vials, Raman spectroscopy can be used with microscopy to count, size, and identify particulate contamination found in such vials. Spectral interpretation is key to the value of Raman spectroscopy, and it is important for accuracy of identification not to simply rely on library match values.

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Cosmetic preparations are common consumer products that consist of various organic and inorganic materials. In this paper, a method for the identification and spatial discrimination of the components in eye shadow samples using laser Raman microspectroscopy is described. The use of a multivariate curve resolution (MCR) is utilized during the analysis of the cosmetic preparation mapping data to develop the spatial discrimination information presented within this note.

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Aligned semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWCNTs) are expected to outperform silicon as the next generation of integrated circuits. Greater utilization of polarized Raman spectroscopy is proving beneficial for efficient characterization of alignment in CNT films. Here, we present the results of how polarized Raman imaging can be used to effectively characterize alignment in large regions of aligned s-SWCNT films.

Latest:

Cosmetic preparations are common consumer products that consist of various organic and inorganic materials. In this paper, a method for the identification and spatial discrimination of the components in eye shadow samples using laser Raman microspectroscopy is described. The use of a multivariate curve resolution (MCR) is utilized during the analysis of the cosmetic preparation mapping data to develop the spatial discrimination information presented within this note.

Latest:

Aligned semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWCNTs) are expected to outperform silicon as the next generation of integrated circuits. Greater utilization of polarized Raman spectroscopy is proving beneficial for efficient characterization of alignment in CNT films. Here, we present the results of how polarized Raman imaging can be used to effectively characterize alignment in large regions of aligned s-SWCNT films.

Latest:

Aligned semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWCNTs) are expected to outperform silicon as the next generation of integrated circuits. Greater utilization of polarized Raman spectroscopy is proving beneficial for efficient characterization of alignment in CNT films. Here, we present the results of how polarized Raman imaging can be used to effectively characterize alignment in large regions of aligned s-SWCNT films.

Latest:

Cosmetic preparations are common consumer products that consist of various organic and inorganic materials. In this paper, a method for the identification and spatial discrimination of the components in eye shadow samples using laser Raman microspectroscopy is described. The use of a multivariate curve resolution (MCR) is utilized during the analysis of the cosmetic preparation mapping data to develop the spatial discrimination information presented within this note.

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Polymer laminates typically make complex samples for infrared analysis, comprising multiple layers with defined thicknesses, in some cases less than 10 µm. When measuring extremely narrow laminate layers, the use of attenuated total reflectance (ATR) may provide improved spectra of the laminate cross-section, because ATR microscope objectives offer a greater spatial resolution than transmission due to additional magnification. This paper details the preparation of polymer laminate sample cross-sections and the collection of transmission and ATR spectra of various layers. Further analysis of the laminate spectra will also be explored utilizing a multivariate curve resolution (MCR) algorithm. An example laminate sample is examined utilizing all the tools available on a standard FT-IR microscope.

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Detecting impurities in any chemical reaction is becoming increasingly important to detect those present at low levels (for example, 0.5%).

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Recent advances in Raman instrumentation have resulted in the development of easy-to-use and efficient handheld Raman analyzers. Most of the commercially available handheld Raman devices utilize 785 or 1064 nm excitation. This paper directly demonstrates the performance of 532 nm handheld Raman (versus 785 and 1064 nm) for the analysis of biopharmaceuticals for structure and counterfeit testing as well as explosive detection (TSA screening and CSI applications). The results presented here will contribute to recognition of 532 nm Raman excitation as a highly attractive option for a rapid “in-place” analysis in the field.

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In this paper, we examine the relative performance of 532 and 785 nm portable Raman systems, as well as demonstrate an automated analytical methodology applicable for carbon nanotube (CNT) characterization and quality control applications. Both 532 and 785 nm Raman spectra were used to directly analyze and compare important CNT structural parameters and properties including CNT diameters, diameter distributions, CNT structural quality (% of defects), CNT types, and other properties. The data indicate advantages in a number of areas for using 532 versus 785 nm excitation for CNT Raman measurements.

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Detecting impurities in any chemical reaction is becoming increasingly important to detect those present at low levels (for example, 0.5%).

Latest:

In this paper, we examine the relative performance of 532 and 785 nm portable Raman systems, as well as demonstrate an automated analytical methodology applicable for carbon nanotube (CNT) characterization and quality control applications. Both 532 and 785 nm Raman spectra were used to directly analyze and compare important CNT structural parameters and properties including CNT diameters, diameter distributions, CNT structural quality (% of defects), CNT types, and other properties. The data indicate advantages in a number of areas for using 532 versus 785 nm excitation for CNT Raman measurements.

Latest:

In this paper, we examine the relative performance of 532 and 785 nm portable Raman systems, as well as demonstrate an automated analytical methodology applicable for carbon nanotube (CNT) characterization and quality control applications. Both 532 and 785 nm Raman spectra were used to directly analyze and compare important CNT structural parameters and properties including CNT diameters, diameter distributions, CNT structural quality (% of defects), CNT types, and other properties. The data indicate advantages in a number of areas for using 532 versus 785 nm excitation for CNT Raman measurements.

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Interest in connecting ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) to GC and especially to LC is now growing. One favorable property of IMS is that it can work with ambient pressure and can be easily connected to a gas or liquid chromatograph. Analytical applications of GC–MS and LC–MS are very different and encompass investigations into food, medical science, environment, drugs of abuse, chemical warfare agents, and explosives.

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Interest in connecting ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) to GC and especially to LC is now growing. One favorable property of IMS is that it can work with ambient pressure and can be easily connected to a gas or liquid chromatograph. Analytical applications of GC–MS and LC–MS are very different and encompass investigations into food, medical science, environment, drugs of abuse, chemical warfare agents, and explosives.