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FT-IR Microscopic Analysis of Polymer Laminate Samples Including Transmission and ATR SpectroscopyPolymer laminates typically make complex samples for infrared analysis, comprising multiple layers with defined thicknesses, in some cases less than 10 µm. When measuring extremely narrow laminate layers, the use of attenuated total reflectance (ATR) may provide improved spectra of the laminate cross-section, because ATR microscope objectives offer a greater spatial resolution than transmission due to additional magnification. This paper details the preparation of polymer laminate sample cross-sections and the collection of transmission and ATR spectra of various layers. Further analysis of the laminate spectra will also be explored utilizing a multivariate curve resolution (MCR) algorithm. An example laminate sample is examined utilizing all the tools available on a standard FT-IR microscope.
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Quantitative Proteomic Workflow for Discovery of Early Rejection Kidney Transplant Peptide Biomarkers and Subsequent Development of SRM Assays in UrineThe authors discuss a noninvasive method for determining early indications of the rejection of a kidney transplant.
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Determining Trace Elements in Edible Oils Using Inductively Coupled Plasma–Optical Emission SpectrometryThis paper describes the analysis of edible oils radial view ICP-OES. Information is provided regarding the most suitable wavelengths, background correction, and integration times. Results of a detection limit study are presented. The accuracy of the analytical method is validated using soybean, olive, and corn oil matrices.
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Analysis of Solar Silicon Using High-Throughput SpectroscopyInfrared spectroscopy is a powerful analysis technique used in the semiconductor industry to ensure the quality of silicon and silicon wafers. The authors discuss the use of an inexpensive, lab-based system to measure carbon and oxygen concentrations in silicon to the level of precision required by the solar silicon industry.
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Phase-, Time-, and Space-Resolved Step-Scan FT-IR Spectroscopy: Principles and Applications to Dynamic and Heterogenous Systems (PDF)This article reviews the principles and major applications of step-scan Fourier transformyy}infrared spectroscopy, an important means for solving challenging problems in many areas of science and technology.
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Spectroscopic Monitoring of the Enrichment of Chlorin e6 in Tumors of the SkinFor the optimization of photodynamic therapy the spectroscopic detection of photosensitizer molecules, which are selectively enriched in tumour cells, can be useful.
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Tech Note: High-Resolution Ultrasonic Spectroscopy for Analysis of Chemical Reactions in Real Time (PDF)This article discusses direct real-time monitoring of chemical reactions, an important tool in industrial processes in industries such as chemical, biotechnology, food, and pharmaceutical.
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SERS Comes of Age for Molecular DetectionSince it was first described in 1974, surface-enhanced Raman spectrometry (SERS) has been thought to offer significant potential for a range of different applications. The theoretical sensitivity and specificity envisaged for this powerful technique has engaged scientists for many years, but practical challenges have hindered its routine adoption. Now, a new approach combines a robust and reliable substrate with expertise in surface chemistry and molecular biology on a platform that can be adapted for a wide variety of Raman instrumentation and customized routine applications.
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Efficient Mitigation of Fluorescence in Raman Spectroscopy Using SSE™Handheld Raman spectrometers are now designed and built for practical everyday use in a vast array of applications. The new BRAVO by Bruker takes handheld Raman Spectroscopy to a new level, overcoming the limitations of previously available systems such as limited wavelength accuracy, non-safe laser usage and fluorescence interference. Now with BRAVO wavelength accuracy is significantly better than competitive devices resulting in the highest data consistency and the BRAVO incorporates new technology called Sequentially Shifted Excitation (SSE™) to mitigate fluorescence.
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Using High-Resolution LC–MS to Analyze Complex SampleThe authors discuss the use of high-resolution LC-MS to analyze complex samples in regulated environments such as food and animal-feed analysis.
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Investigation of Transferrin Structure via Novel Electron Capture Dissociation Techniques Using a Hybrid Linear Ion Trap Time-of-Flight Mass SpectrometerThe authors discuss the use of electron-capture dissociation coupled with a linear ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometer to investigate the structure of human transferrin.
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Comparison of Quadrupole, Time-of-Flight, and Fourier Transform Mass Analyzers for LC-MS Applications (PDF)The authors investigated the analytical capabilities of three types of mass analyzers for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) applications, studying the effects of instrument parameters and issues related to sample preparation on the performance of LC-MS analytical methods.
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Comprehensive Screening, Confirmation, and Quantification of Organic Pesticides in Foods by GC–MS and LC–MSThis article provides an overview of the instrument platforms, tools, and workflow for analyzing pesticides.
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From Tablets to Teeth: Complete Raman ImagingRaman imaging has moved on. It is now possible to capitalize on the wealth of information available from a Raman spectrum by imaging materials over large areas, with the spatial resolution, spectral resolution, and laser excitation parameters tailored to suit each application. Raman experiments and images from a diverse range of samples are presented.
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An Investigation into the Use of Alternate Carrier Gases for the Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds in Water by GC–MSThis study focuses on United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) Method 524.3 for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in water using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS).
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Investigation of Transferrin Structure via Novel Electron Capture Dissociation Techniques Using a Hybrid Linear Ion Trap Time-of-Flight Mass SpectrometerThe authors discuss the use of electron-capture dissociation coupled with a linear ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometer to investigate the structure of human transferrin.
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A Robust and Sensitive Method for Detecting Glyphosate and Other Polar Pesticides in Food and Water: Multiple Analytes in a Single Injection without DerivatizationA new high-throughput LC–MS/MS method meets the challenge of eliminating matrix effects for monitoring, with high specificity, polar organic pesticides such as glyphosate in food and water, while meeting targeted limits of detection.
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LC–MS-MS Determination of Malachite Green and Leucomalachite Green in Fish ProductsAlthough not currently used in U.S. or European aquaculture, malachite green (MG) is still an effective and inexpensive fungicide that is used in other countries, particularly in Asia. During metabolism, MG reduces to leucomalachite green (LMG) (Figure 1), which has been shown to accumulate in fatty fish tissues. Trace levels of MG and LMG residues continue to be found in fish products. In a 2005 report, MG was found in 18 out of 27 live eel or eel products imported from China to Hong Kong local market and food outlets, resulting in a government recall and destruction of all remaining products (1).
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Simple and Effective Control of Spectral Overlap Interferences in ICP-MSThe authors discuss a new approach to the control of spectral overlap interferences in inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry.
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Posttranslational Modification Characterization via Electron Capture Dissociation Using a Linear Ion Trap Time-of-Flight Mass SpectrometerThe authors introduce a compact ECD device coupled to a linear ion trap time-of-flight instrument, and use it to analyze protein phosphorylation in both offline and online modes.
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Depth Profiling with Confocal Raman Microscopy, Part II (PDF)Part II of the two-part series continues the discussion on the interpretation of confocal Raman data, including how depth resolution is degraded when focusing deep within a sample and how intensity variations can occur when focusing near a sample's surface.
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Accelerated Discovery and Quantitation of Lipids in Complex ExtractsThe authors discuss analytical methods for lipidomics.
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Extraction of a Full Suite of Semivolatile Compounds from Drinking Water Using Automated Solid-Phase ExtractionDrinking water is an important part of environmental exposure, especially for small children. Countries around the world have put regulations in place to monitor drinking water quality for a wide range of hazardous compounds.
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High Resolution 1H NMR Spectroscopy of Metabolically Active Microorganisms Using Non-Destructive Magic Angle Spinning (PDF)The authors show that high resolution 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy can be used to study biofilm metabolism under environmentally relevant conditions in a minimally invasive way.
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LC–MS-MS Determination of Malachite Green and Leucomalachite Green in Fish ProductsAlthough not currently used in U.S. or European aquaculture, malachite green (MG) is still an effective and inexpensive fungicide that is used in other countries, particularly in Asia. During metabolism, MG reduces to leucomalachite green (LMG) (Figure 1), which has been shown to accumulate in fatty fish tissues. Trace levels of MG and LMG residues continue to be found in fish products. In a 2005 report, MG was found in 18 out of 27 live eel or eel products imported from China to Hong Kong local market and food outlets, resulting in a government recall and destruction of all remaining products (1).
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Current Status of Standoff LIBS Security Applications at the United States Army Research LaboratoryThe United States Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has been applying standoff laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to hazardous material detection and determination. We describe several standoff systems that have been developed by ARL and provide a brief overview of standoff LIBS progress at ARL. We also present some current standoff LIBS results from explosive residues on organic substrates and biomaterials from different growth media. These new preliminary results demonstrate that standoff LIBS has the potential to discriminate hazardous materials in more complex backgrounds.
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Multitargeting PesticidesThe usefulness of liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry–mass spectrometry (LC–MS-MS) methods for the unambiguous identification and quantification of pesticides in complex matrix samples is well known. Triple-quadrupole systems have proven to be useful for this task because of their high specificity in MS-MS mode and their low detection limits. However, working in MS-MS mode makes any MS system blind to other compounds of interest.
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Ion Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry for Profiling Low Molecular Mass Organic Acids in Beverages and BiomassThis article describes an ion chromatography–mass spectrometry (IC-MS) method for profiling low molecular mass organic acids in consumer beverages and biomass used in biofuel production.
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Accelerated Discovery and Quantitation of Lipids in Complex ExtractsThe authors discuss analytical methods for lipidomics.
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Accelerated Discovery and Quantitation of Lipids in Complex ExtractsThe authors discuss analytical methods for lipidomics.
