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This article discusses the role of recent LC developments in th quest for greater sensitivity, more complete sample characterization, and greater productivity.

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Often, mass spectra of compounds found in water supplies are not found in mass spectral libraries. Ion composition elucidation (ICE) provides the elemental compositions of the ions observed in their mass spectra. This information is used to identify the compounds.

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There are many situations in which it would be highly desirable to apply the benefits of Raman to larger volumes of solid material such as powders, tablets, and composites. Raman benefits such as minimal sample preparation, the ability to provide rich information on both organics and inorganics, and its ability to measure through glass and plastic packaging make it highly amenable to these kinds of samples.

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The authors describe the in-line moisture measurement of a pharmaceutical granulation of lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, and crospovidone in a fluid bed granulator-dryer using top sprayed granulating liquid. A near-infrared (NIR) prediction model was developed for moisture on spectra collected during a calibration run. Subsequent granulations were analyzed for moisture content real-time throughout the granulation and drying process using the NIR process instrument.

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Raman spectroscopy has been employed to detect Bacillus cereus spores, an anthrax surrogate, collected from a letter as it passed through a mail sorting system. Raman spectroscopy also has the ability to identify many common substances used as hoaxes. A three-step method also is described for the detection of dipicolinic acid extracted from surface spores by SERS.

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In this article, the role of a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer in performing in vitro studies of compound metabolic stability and identification of Phase I and II metabolites is demonstrated.

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The acquisition of Raman spectra can be eased greatly through the use of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). In this article, the authors discuss a new substrate technology that delivers reliable and consistent surface enhancement.

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The authors present a novel technique for obtaining very high stability and reproducibility of a Raman spectrum, using grating corrected laser stabilization. An externally stabilized laser with a grating spectrometer provides exceptional quantum efficiency in the entire dynamic range. These components then are used to build a library of pharmaceutical raw materials and tested on samples of unknown material.

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This application note demonstrates the analysis of lead, cadmium, mercury, chromium, and bromine in polymers, compliant to ASTM F2617-08. The TOXEL and RoHS Calibration Standards were used to set up the calibration on Epsilon 5. The accuracy of the calibration is demonstrated by determination of European Reference Material (ERM) EC681k.

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Using confocal Raman imaging and other advanced measurement techniques, we study the localized strain characteristics of tungsten diselenide (WSe2), an important nanomaterial used for optoelectronic device applications.

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This paper describes how analysts at an environmental and geochemical laboratory utilize dynamic reaction cell ICP-MS technology to study the transport and deposition of important trace metals from rainwater.

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A new system for multitechnique spectral searching is described that utilizes analysis of several hit lists resulting from spectral similarity searches performed simultaneously in reference databases for multiple complementary analytical techniques. This paper demonstrates the benefits of this multitechnique approach using the complementary techniques of IR and Raman spectroscopy.

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In this article, the role of a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer in performing in vitro studies of compound metabolic stability and identification of Phase I and II metabolites is demonstrated.

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Newly developed software tools provide various functions for the acquisition, evaluation, and processing for high-resolution 3D Raman images.

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Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a widely studied technique capable of adding single-molecule detection capability to the rich information provided by Raman spectroscopy. in this aricle, the authors show an additional system gain of more than two orders of magnitude to SERS by using a dielectric microsphere resonator to capture and excite the target system.

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Serum protein profiling using mass spectrometry (MS) is one of the most promising approaches for biomarker identification. The authors adopted a nano liquid chromatography (nLC)–linear ion trap time-of-flight (LIT-TOF) MS system and newly developed software known as information-based acquisition (IBA) to identify biomarkers in human serum. IBA is a data processing protocol for repetitive MS analyses. Peptides selected for the first-pass MS-MS analysis are automatically excluded from the MS spectrum such that subsequent MS-MS analyses are performed on different peptides to minimize overlapping analyses, resulting in the identification of relatively low-abundant peptides.

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A review of the five-day conference dedicated to promoting mass spectrometry and its allied topics held earlier this month in San Antonio, TX.

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A brief historical overview of DMS, followed by a synopsis of the instrumentation, physics, and chemistry behind the separation principles

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Raman spectroscopy has been employed to detect Bacillus cereus spores, an anthrax surrogate, collected from a letter as it passed through a mail sorting system. Raman spectroscopy also has the ability to identify many common substances used as hoaxes. A three-step method also is described for the detection of dipicolinic acid extracted from surface spores by SERS.

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Therapeutic drug monitoring is performed routinely by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) using instrumentation and methods originally developed and systematically configured for the high-volume, high-throughput analysis of drugs of abuse. An example of LC–MS monitoring of the drug clozapine and its metabolite, desmethylclozapine, is detailed along with a description of the overall system architecture, workflow, and maintenance routines that support a large-scale clinical therapeutic drug monitoring program. The relative advantages of LC–MS over immunoassay and LC–UV, the current standard techniques for therapeutic drug monitoring, are discussed in the light of these results.

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The need to verify cleaning between manufacturing runs presents a special challenge to the analytical chemist. In this article, the principles of ion mobility spectrometry are described, its performance is compared to HPLC for the analysis of cleaning validation samples, and findings are presented from a study to establish the feasibility of using IMS in validating a cleaning verification method.

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Mass spectrometry systems have specific vacuum requirements. New developments in oil-free, or dry, primary vacuum pumps have been introduced recently and are discussed in this article with respect to capacity, throughput, and specific pumping requirements for process gases.

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In this article, we show a cross-sectional map of a film compared to a depth profile to evaluate the quality of depth profile measurements.

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Mass spectrometry systems have specific vacuum requirements. New developments in oil-free, or dry, primary vacuum pumps have been introduced recently and are discussed in this article with respect to capacity, throughput, and specific pumping requirements for process gases.

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The authors show how a multivariate curve resolution algorithm, called SIMPLe-to-use Interactive Self-modeling Mixture Analysis (SIMPLISMA), can facilitate the quantitative and qualitative analysis of difficult samples, and apply the algorithm to a technically challenging Raman spectra series for carbamazepine polymorphs.

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Mass spectrometry systems have specific vacuum requirements. New developments in oil-free, or dry, primary vacuum pumps have been introduced recently and are discussed in this article with respect to capacity, throughput, and specific pumping requirements for process gases.

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This article discusses the principles of unilateral nuclear magnetic resonance with applications to elastomers and nondestructive in situ inspection of a wet fresco from ancient Rome.

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The authors describe several applications of FT-IR spectroscopy in the biomedical sciences, including characterization of healthy and neoplastic human skin samples affected by two kinds of cancers, and examination of liver damage and regeneration caused by carbon tetrachloride.