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Dynamic Range Improvements on the Hitachi NanoFrontier Linear Ion Trap-TOF LC-MS PlatformHitachi High Technologies America, Inc.
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An Expanding Role: The Use of Ultrahigh Performance LC–TOF-MS, GC–TOF-MS, Accurate Mass, and Isotope Modeling for Screening Complex MixturesUltrahigh performance liquid chromatography (LC)–time-of-flight mass spectrometry –(TOF-MS) and gas chromatography (GC)–TOF-MS are powerful approaches for screening target compounds and identifying or characterizing nontarget compounds in complex mixtures. The combination of accurate mass data and newly developed software enables truly generic screening methods with TOF-MS, and the confident detection, identification, and confirmation of small molecules in a range of application areas.
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New Sample Fractionation Strategies for Proteomic Analyses by LC–MSMass spectrometry has long been a preferred tool for protein identification and biomarker discovery, but preparation of biological samples remains a challenge. Hindrances include the wide range of protein concentrations, sample complexity, and loss or alteration of important proteins due to sample handling. This article describes recent developments in sample fractionation technologies that are overcoming these challenges in interesting ways and are enabling in-depth proteomic studies that were not possible in the past.
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Increasing the Enhancement of SERS with Dielectric Microsphere ResonatorsSurface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a widely studied technique capable of adding single-molecule detection capability to the rich information provided by Raman spectroscopy. in this aricle, the authors show an additional system gain of more than two orders of magnitude to SERS by using a dielectric microsphere resonator to capture and excite the target system.
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Raman Microscopy as a Valuable Tool for Failure Analysis (PDF)The authors discuss several sample types encountered in their laboratory for which Raman spectroscopy is the only reliable method of analysis. The technique is shown to be a routine and cost-effective tool for the industrial laboratory.
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SERS Comes of Age for Molecular DetectionSince it was first described in 1974, surface-enhanced Raman spectrometry (SERS) has been thought to offer significant potential for a range of different applications. The theoretical sensitivity and specificity envisaged for this powerful technique has engaged scientists for many years, but practical challenges have hindered its routine adoption. Now, a new approach combines a robust and reliable substrate with expertise in surface chemistry and molecular biology on a platform that can be adapted for a wide variety of Raman instrumentation and customized routine applications.
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Comprehensive Screening, Confirmation, and Quantification of Organic Pesticides in Foods by GC–MS and LC–MSThis article provides an overview of the instrument platforms, tools, and workflow for analyzing pesticides.
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A High-Volume, High-Throughput LC–MS Therapeutic Drug Monitoring SystemTherapeutic drug monitoring is performed routinely by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) using instrumentation and methods originally developed and systematically configured for the high-volume, high-throughput analysis of drugs of abuse. An example of LC–MS monitoring of the drug clozapine and its metabolite, desmethylclozapine, is detailed along with a description of the overall system architecture, workflow, and maintenance routines that support a large-scale clinical therapeutic drug monitoring program. The relative advantages of LC–MS over immunoassay and LC–UV, the current standard techniques for therapeutic drug monitoring, are discussed in the light of these results.
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Temperature-Induced Effect on Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering of p,m-Hydroxybenzoic Acid on Silver Nanoparticles (PDF)This article examines temperature-induced effects on surface-enhanced Raman scattering of PHBA and MHBA adsorbed on silver colloidal particles.
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A Robust and Sensitive Method for Detecting Glyphosate and Other Polar Pesticides in Food and Water: Multiple Analytes in a Single Injection without DerivatizationA new high-throughput LC–MS/MS method meets the challenge of eliminating matrix effects for monitoring, with high specificity, polar organic pesticides such as glyphosate in food and water, while meeting targeted limits of detection.
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High-Throughput Trace Analysis Using SERS-Coated Microtiter Plates with a Raman Plate ReaderSurface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has been studied extensively over the last few decades with many advances in preparation of SERS substrates and coatings. While the bulk of the research in SERS substrate preparation has been devoted to pushing detection limits to higher sensitivity for measurement of single samples, the application of SERS to high-throughput analysis has been largely ignored. In this article, we present the use of commercially available SERS-coated microtiter plates in a dedicated Raman microtiter plate reader, enabling high-throughput trace analysis measurements. This article also describes the SERS substrate, the high-throughput plate reader, and preliminary results from samples representing trace analysis of explosives, nerve agents, pharmaceuticals, and biological compounds.
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Stand PAT (PDF)What does the accelerating adoption of PAT-based approaches to pharmaceutical manufacturing mean for the makers and users of spectroscopic systems?
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Determining High-Molecular-Weight Phthalates in Sediments Using GC–APCI-TOF-MSGas chromatography combined with atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization (APCI) was used to analyze high-molecular-weight phthalates.
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How Using Raman Spectroscopy and SIMPLISMA Can Accelerate the Study of Polymorphs: A Case Study Using Carbamazepine (PDF)The authors show how a multivariate curve resolution algorithm, called SIMPLe-to-use Interactive Self-modeling Mixture Analysis (SIMPLISMA), can facilitate the quantitative and qualitative analysis of difficult samples, and apply the algorithm to a technically challenging Raman spectra series for carbamazepine polymorphs.
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Shedding New Light on Forensic TimelinesThe development of novel, nondestructive technologies for rapid analysis of evidence discovered at crime scenes is pertinent to our criminal justice system to solve the millions of violent crimes that occur each year. Without a witness, establishing the precise timeline of a crime is difficult. Therefore, technologies based on sensitive, nondestructive techniques are needed to evaluate evidence and create such a timeline. We propose the use of Raman spectroscopy to analyze the age of bloodstains for potential use as a forensics tool. Previous studies have revealed Raman spectroscopy is sensitive to changes in blood analyte concentration and different oxidative states of hemoglobin. Raman spectroscopy could allow for rapid comparison of spectra from blood stains of unknown age to spectra of known age with high temporal accuracy. Though further investigation into other substrates and biochemical components should be performed, our study reveals Raman spectroscopy has the potential to accurately and nondestructively determine the age of a bloodstain for use in criminal investigations.
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ICP-MS Speciation Analysis: Three Roles of SeleniumThe element selenium plays three distinct roles in biological processes, functioning in turn as a toxicant, a chemopreventive agent, and a heavy metal antagonist. This article discusses current research associated with each role, and how ICP-MS can be employed to better understand and utilize selenium's properties.
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Grating Corrected Laser Stabilization: A Case Study in Pharmaceutical Raw Material IdentificationThe authors present a novel technique for obtaining very high stability and reproducibility of a Raman spectrum, using grating corrected laser stabilization. An externally stabilized laser with a grating spectrometer provides exceptional quantum efficiency in the entire dynamic range. These components then are used to build a library of pharmaceutical raw materials and tested on samples of unknown material.
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Correlative Raman Imaging: Geoscience Applications (Sept 2023)See how Raman microscopy in combination with SEM, AFM, topographic imaging, and other methods can characterize properties of geoscience samples.
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A New Approach to Simultaneous Raman and IR Spectral SearchesA new system for multitechnique spectral searching is described that utilizes analysis of several hit lists resulting from spectral similarity searches performed simultaneously in reference databases for multiple complementary analytical techniques. This paper demonstrates the benefits of this multitechnique approach using the complementary techniques of IR and Raman spectroscopy.
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Test of an In Vivo Method to Detect Chloroplast Division in Crop Plants, Part III: Statistical Proofs of Observation and General Utility of the Method (PDF)This article is the third installment in a series about a novel spectrofluorometric method that allow for in vivo observation of the division of chlorplast populations in leaves of Arabidopsis thalania.
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LC–MS Characterization of Mesquite Flour ConstituentsGiven the wide range in polarity of the components of mesquite flour, it is advantageous to study the health benefits of this flour using methods that combine the complementary approaches of reversed-phase and aqueous normal phase LC.
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Are You Ready for the Latest Data Integrity Guidance? Part 2: Computerized Systems, Outsourcing, Quality, and Regulatory OversightWe continue our explanation of the new PIC/S data guidance.
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A New Approach to Simultaneous Raman and IR Spectral SearchesA new system for multitechnique spectral searching is described that utilizes analysis of several hit lists resulting from spectral similarity searches performed simultaneously in reference databases for multiple complementary analytical techniques. This paper demonstrates the benefits of this multitechnique approach using the complementary techniques of IR and Raman spectroscopy.
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Using High-Resolution LC–MS to Analyze Complex SampleThe authors discuss the use of high-resolution LC-MS to analyze complex samples in regulated environments such as food and animal-feed analysis.
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Molecular Spectroscopy Workbench: A Comparison between Validating Laboratory and Process Near-Infrared Spectrophotometers (PDF)The author describes applying validation principles originally designed for lab instruments to process instruments.
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High performance Mass Spectroscopy Begins with High-Performance SeparationsThis article discusses the role of recent LC developments in th quest for greater sensitivity, more complete sample characterization, and greater productivity.
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A New Tool for Mass Analysis of Unknown Molecules: High-Resolution Multistep Tandem MS with Wide Dynamic Range Quantitative AnalysisMass spectrometers are effective for identifying and quantifying unknown molecules, such as disease-related proteins and small molecules in pharmaceutical research and medical diagnosis. In addition, mass spectrometry (MS) can be particularly powerful when analyzing molecules with complex structures, such as posttranslationally modified proteins. Among various MS approaches, high-resolution multistep tandem MS (MS-MS) is an emerging methodology for accurate identification of complex molecules. In this article, we describe a new approach for mass analysis with enhanced quantitative capability combined with high-resolution multistep MS-MS, where the dynamic range of quantitation covers four orders of magnitude.
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Efficient Raman Lasing in Tapered Silicon WaveguidesThe authors review the operating principles of a silicon Raman laser and show that by introducing a longitudinal variation of the waveguide width in the cavity, the lasing efficiency can be increased significantly.
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A Comprehensive Study of WSe2 Crystals Using Correlated Raman, Photoluminescence (PL), Second Harmonic Generation (SHG), and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) ImagingUsing confocal Raman imaging and other advanced measurement techniques, we study the localized strain characteristics of tungsten diselenide (WSe2), an important nanomaterial used for optoelectronic device applications.
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New Sample Fractionation Strategies for Proteomic Analyses by LC–MSMass spectrometry has long been a preferred tool for protein identification and biomarker discovery, but preparation of biological samples remains a challenge. Hindrances include the wide range of protein concentrations, sample complexity, and loss or alteration of important proteins due to sample handling. This article describes recent developments in sample fractionation technologies that are overcoming these challenges in interesting ways and are enabling in-depth proteomic studies that were not possible in the past.
